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- DD User Commands DD
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- NNAAMMEE
- dd - convert and copy a file
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- dddd [option=value] ...
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- _D_d copies the specified input file to the specified output
- with possible conversions. The standard input and output
- are used by default. The input and output block size may be
- specified to take advantage of raw physical I/O.
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- _o_p_t_i_o_n _v_a_l_u_e_s
- if= input file name; standard input is default
- of= output file name; standard output is default
- ibs=_n input block size _n bytes (default 512)
- obs=_n output block size (default 512)
- bs=_n set both input and output block size,
- superseding _i_b_s and _o_b_s; also, if no conver-
- sion is specified, it is particularly effi-
- cient since no copy need be done
- cbs=_n conversion buffer size
- skip=_n skip _n input records before starting copy
- files=_n copy _n input files before terminating (makes
- sense only where input is a magtape or simi-
- lar device).
- seek=_n seek _n records from beginning of output file
- before copying
- count=_n copy only _n input records
- conv=ascii convert EBCDIC to ASCII
- ebcdic convert ASCII to EBCDIC
- ibm slightly different map of ASCII to EBCDIC
- block convert variable length records to fixed
- length
- unblock convert fixed length records to variable
- length
- lcase map alphabetics to lower case
- ucase map alphabetics to upper case
- swab swap every pair of bytes
- noerror do not stop processing on an error
- sync pad every input record to _i_b_s
- ... , ... several comma-separated conversions
-
- Where sizes are specified, a number of bytes is expected. A
- number may end with kk,, bb or ww to specify multiplication by
- 1024, 512, or 2 respectively; a pair of numbers may be
- separated by xx to indicate a product.
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- _C_b_s is used only if _a_s_c_i_i, _u_n_b_l_o_c_k, _e_b_c_d_i_c, _i_b_m, or _b_l_o_c_k
- conversion is specified. In the first two cases, _c_b_s char-
- acters are placed into the conversion buffer, any specified
- character mapping is done, trailing blanks trimmed and new-
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- DD User Commands DD
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- line added before sending the line to the output. In the
- latter three cases, characters are read into the conversion
- buffer, and blanks added to make up an output record of size
- _c_b_s.
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- After completion, _d_d reports the number of whole and partial
- input and output blocks.
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- For example, to read an EBCDIC tape blocked ten 80-byte
- EBCDIC card images per record into the ASCII file _x:
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- dd if=/dev/rmt0 of=x ibs=800 cbs=80 conv=ascii,lcase
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- Note the use of raw magtape. _D_d is especially suited to I/O
- on the raw physical devices because it allows reading and
- writing in arbitrary record sizes.
-
- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- cp(1), tr(1)
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- DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
- f+p records in(out): numbers of full and partial records
- read(written)
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- BBUUGGSS
- The ASCII/EBCDIC conversion tables are taken from the 256
- character standard in the CACM Nov, 1968. The `ibm' conver-
- sion, while less blessed as a standard, corresponds better
- to certain IBM print train conventions. There is no univer-
- sal solution.
- One must specify ``conv=noerror,sync'' when copying raw
- disks with bad sectors to insure _d_d stays synchronized.
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- Certain combinations of arguments to _c_o_n_v= are permitted.
- However, the _b_l_o_c_k or _u_n_b_l_o_c_k option cannot be combined with
- _a_s_c_i_i, _e_b_c_d_i_c or _i_b_m. Invalid combinations _s_i_l_e_n_t_l_y _i_g_n_o_r_e
- all but the last mutually-exclusive keyword.
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- Sprite v1.0 April 29, 1985 2
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